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Jacksonville Beach, also referred to locally as "Jax Beach", is a city in
Duval County, Florida, United States. When the majority of communities in Duval
County consolidated with Jacksonville, Florida in 1968, Jacksonville Beach,
along with Neptune Beach, Atlantic Beach, and Baldwin, Florida, remained
quasi-independent. Like the other towns, it maintains its own municipal
government but its residents vote in the Jacksonville mayoral election and have
representation on the Jacksonville city council. The population was 20,990 at
the 2000 census. As of 2004, the population recorded by the U.S. Census Bureau
is 21,353.
Although the French Huguenots led by Captain Jean Ribault laid claim to the
First Coast in 1562, it was the Spanish who first settled the Jacksonville Beach
area, establishing missions from Mayport to St. Augustine. The Spanish ceded
East Florida to the English by treaty in 1763 only to regain control twenty
years later. In 1821 the Spanish ceded Florida to the United States of America.
The Jacksonville Beaches area has been inhabited since at least 1837 when
Mayport was made a port, but it was not until 1883 that the Jacksonville and
Atlantic Railroad established "Ruby Beach" in modern-day Jacksonville Beach. The
settlement was renamed "Pablo Beach" three years later, and was incorporated as
a town in 1907. The name was changed to "Jacksonville Beach" in 1925.
Jacksonville Beach is the largest town in the Jacksonville Beaches community. It
is the eastern terminus of U.S. Route 90, which ends at an intersections with
State Road A1A three blocks from the Atlantic Ocean.